Assignment 1
Smart Home Automation Problem
Scenario:
You are a software developer working on a smart home automation system. The system needs to
control multiple devices in the house, including lights, a thermostat, and a security system. Your task is
to create a command-line interface (CLI) application using Dart to manage the smart home’s functionality.
The system will handle user input to toggle devices, adjust temperature, and monitor the system’s status.
Requirements:
1. Main Method:
The program should start with a main() function that initializes the smart home system and
provides the user with options to control devices.
2. Device Status:
○ The system should include three main devices:
■ Lights (can be on or off)
■ Thermostat (adjustable between 15°C and 30°C)
■ Security System (can be armed or disarmed)
○ Initialize each device with default values (lightsOff, 20°C for thermostat, disarmed
for the security system).
3. User Interaction:
Use a loop to allow the user to continuously interact with the system until they choose to exit. The
user can:
○ Turn the lights on/off
○ Set the thermostat temperature between 15°C and 30°C
○ Arm/disarm the security system
○ View system status
○ Exit the program
4. Input Validation:
Ensure valid input by rejecting values outside the temperature range and prompting the user for
correct values when necessary.
5. Control Flow:
○ Use if/else statements to handle user choices.
Use a switch statement to handle device commands (lights, thermostat, security
system).
○ Implement a FizzBuzz-like exercise: if the temperature is a multiple of 3, print "Cool
Day" along with the temperature when displaying status; if it’s a multiple of 5, print "Warm
Day"; if it's a multiple of both, print "Perfect Day."
6. String Interpolation and Operations:
○ When displaying device status, use string interpolation to include the values of the
lights, thermostat, and security system in user-friendly messages.
○ Implement string operations to convert device status (e.g., "armed" to "ARMED") when
showing system status.
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7. Final/Const Variables:
○ Use const for any constant values, such as maximum and minimum temperatures.
8. Logical & Relational Operators:
○ Use these to validate user input when adjusting the thermostat and when turning the
security system on/off.
○ Example Output:

Budget Management Application
Scenario:
You have been hired by a small business to create a simple budget management application
using Dart. The application will help the business manage its monthly income and expenses. It
will allow the user to input various income sources (like sales or investments) and expenses
(like rent, salaries, and utilities), then calculate and display the net profit or loss.
Requirements:
1. Main Method:
The application should begin by welcoming the user and displaying a menu of options
they can perform on the budget (e.g., add income, add expense, view summary, or exit).
2. Income and Expenses Management:
○ The user can:
■ Add income: The program should prompt the user to enter the income
description and amount.
■ Add expense: The program should prompt the user to enter the expense
description and amount.
■ View net profit or loss: The program should calculate the total income,
total expenses, and display the net profit (income - expenses) or net
loss (if expenses exceed income).
■ Exit: The user should be able to exit the program.
3. Data Storage:
○ Use lists to store multiple income and expense entries. Each entry should be
stored as a String (description) and a double (amount).
○ Example: List<Map<String, double>> incomeList = [] and
List<Map<String, double>> expenseList = [].
4. Input Validation:
○ Ensure that the user enters valid numeric values for income and expense
amounts (i.e., no negative amounts).
○ Use logical operators to validate inputs.
5. Control Flow & Loops:
○ Use if/else statements to handle menu options.
○ Use a loop to keep asking the user for actions until they decide to exit the
program.
6. String Interpolation & Operations:
○ When displaying the summary of income, expenses, and net profit or loss, use
string interpolation to clearly show amounts and messages like "Your net
profit is $5000" or "Your net loss is $200".
7. Arithmetic Operations:
○ Perform calculations for total income, total expenses, and net profit or loss.
8. Exercise: Tax Calculation (Optional):

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Introduce a tax system where, at the end of the month, the business needs to
pay 15% of its net profit as tax.
Use the ternary operator to ensure the tax is only calculated if the business is
profitable. If there’s a loss, no tax is calculated.
After displaying net profit or loss, if the business made a profit, display the tax
amount to be paid.

Example Output: